The modern world economy is largely growing thanks to the successful development of the credit system. The principle of each type remains the same, but there are distinctive features that stand out from the general concept.

The main varieties of credit:

• Bank loan – the classic version, which involves the issuance of money to the borrower for, in advance, a stipulated period.
• Commercial credit – the provision of goods or services by one legal entity to another in installments.
• State credit implies that one of the parties is the state. It can both provide and receive funds. The other party is another state, a commercial enterprise, or an individual.

Classifying banking systems by models, we can distinguish competitive, oligopolistic and monopolistic models of construction. By class – national, supranational and global banking systems.

According to the level of specialization, we distinguish universal and specialized banking systems. In a specialized model, it is forbidden to combine credit and investment activities. The universal model of the banking system, on the contrary, allows a combination of lending and investment activities.

Depending on the degree of development of the banking system in practice are found:

• Extensive model. It is characterized by a limited number of banking services, aggressive policy in the market of assets and liabilities, low degree of diversification, high concentration of risks, low level of development of competition and market discipline;
• intensive model. It is characterized by a high level of competition, a high degree of transparency and market discipline, the presence of an extensive modern infrastructure, a high degree of capitalization of banks, the balanced conduct and sustainability of business, the reliability of information published and presented to the control and supervisory authorities.

The development of the banking system is influenced by the development of national markets for international trade. The demand for banking services expands as production increases and the scale of exchange between commodity producers increases.

The development of the banking system is also greatly influenced by general ideas about the essence and role of the bank in the economy. The social and economic order inevitably affects the nature of its activities. Political factors are also reflected in its condition and current development. Here, above all, the general political orientation of the state is important.

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